| METHOD | COMMENT |
|---|---|
| Abstinence | Very difficult for many couples to follow |
| Implant | This involves implantation of a small rod into the inner surface of the upper arm. Slowly releases hormones. It is expensive and must be replaced every 3 years. |
| IUD Intra-Uterine Device |
An implant placed into the uterus by a gynecologist. Slowly releases hormones. May be expensive, and requires replacement every 3-10 years depending on brand. |
| Depo Shot | Female injection or shot. Must be given every 3 months.Side effects include irregular bleeding, weight gain and osteoporosis (decreased bone density). 6% failure rate. |
| Tubal Ligation (female sterilization) |
Invasive surgical procedure. Permanent. Done under general anesthesia. |
| Oral Contraception "The Pill" |
Must be taken daily. Not tolerated by all women. Can increase risk of blood clots, which may be life threatening. 9% failure rate. |
| Vaginal Ring | Inserted into the vagina and must be replaced monthly. Slowly releases hormones, which may increase risk of blood clots. 9% failure rate. |
| Diaphragm with Spermicide | Requires fitting by a doctor. Requires use of spermicide, which may decrease spontaneity. 12% failure rate. |
| Condoms | May be inconvenient, ruin spontaneity, decrease quality of intercourse. 18% failure rate. |
| Vaginal Sponge | May be inconvenient, ruin spontaneity. 12-24% failure rate. |
| Withdrawal | Decrease pleasure from intercourse. 22% failure rate. |
| Fertility awareness, “Rhythm method” | Requires very careful attention to monthly cycles and cycles must be regular. Difficult to perform effectively. 24% failure rate. |
| Vaginal Spermicide | Inconvenient, ruin spontaneity. 28% failure rate. |
| Vasectomy | Safe, effective, permanent. Inexpensive as this is a one time expense. Greater than 99% effective. |
